Why are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) preferred over tricyclic drugs and MAOIs for treating depression?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often preferred for treating depression primarily because they have fewer anticholinergic effects than older classes of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Anticholinergic effects can lead to a range of uncomfortable side effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and confusion, particularly in older patients. SSRIs, by contrast, have a more favorable side effect profile regarding these issues, making them a safer choice for many patients.

Additionally, the choice of SSRIs is rooted not just in their side effects but also in their relatively safety profile during overdose situations compared to TCAs and MAOIs, along with their effectiveness in managing depression. While other medications may have quicker onset or various side effects, the concept of fewer anticholinergic side effects is a significant factor in the preference for SSRIs among healthcare providers. This advantage helps to improve patient compliance and overall treatment outcomes in managing depressive disorders.