Which side effects are most closely associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressant medications that work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. As a result, the levels of these neurotransmitters increase, alleviating symptoms of depression.

Orthostatic hypotension and dizziness are particularly associated with MAOIs due to their effects on blood pressure regulation. When a patient takes an MAOI, there can be an increase in norepinephrine levels, which may lead to vasodilation and subsequent hypotension, especially upon standing. This condition is often referred to as orthostatic hypotension. Dizziness can occur as a result of this drop in blood pressure when moving from a sitting or lying position to an upright position.

While other side effects mentioned, such as weight gain, agitation, dry mouth, constipation, insomnia, and increased anxiety, can occur with various classes of antidepressants or other medications, they are not as closely linked specifically to the use of MAOIs. This makes orthostatic hypotension and dizziness the most characteristic side effects associated with this class of antidepressants. Understanding these common adverse effects is crucial for managing patient expectations and monitoring when initiating therapy