Which neurotransmitter system do most antidepressants primarily target?

Most antidepressants primarily target the serotonergic system, which is primarily involved in mood regulation, emotional balance, and overall well-being. The mechanism of action for many common classes of antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), focuses on increasing the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft by either blocking its reuptake or facilitating its release. This increased serotonin activity helps alleviate symptoms of depression and improve mood.

The serotonergic system's crucial role in depression is supported by various studies demonstrating that alterations in serotonin levels can significantly impact mood and emotional states. Therefore, targeting this neurotransmitter system is central to the pharmacological treatment of depression, making it the primary focus of most antidepressant therapies.